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雅思作文考试高频词替换指南
雅思小作文写作掌握一些替换词对于雅思写作词汇的多变是很关键的，下面就和一起来看看雅思作文考试高频词替换指南。
本文将以剑桥雅思8 Test 4 小作文题干为例涉及的可替换词讲解雅思小作文的词汇替换。The graph below shows the quantities of goods transported in the UK between 1974 and 2002 by four different modes of transport.
1. graph
替换词 chart，还可以在前面加上 line/pie/column/bar 等，如 line chart， pie graph。
2. diagram
权威词典中的解释 a drawing intended to explain how something works； a drawing showing the relation between the parts。
常见的 diagram，如雅思写作中的流程图属于 diagram，diagram 不是 chart 的替换词。
chart 不是 diagram 的替换词，但是 flow chart / flow diagram / flow sheet 可以替换 小作文中的 diagram
flow chart
权威词典中的解释 a diagrammatic representation of the sequence of operations or equipment in an industrial process， computer program， etc； a graphic representation， using symbols interconnected with lines， of the successive steps in a procedure or system
3. table
在雅思小作文中指“表格”，没有替换词。常见中式英文中用 form 来替换 table，是错误的。
4. show
替换词
1） describe 2） give information about 3） illustrate，但是 demonstrate 不行！
demonstrate 权威词典中的解释：
A. To show clearly and deliberately； manifest
B. To show to be true by reasoning or adducing evidence； prove
C. To present by experiments， examples， or practical application
很多考鸭，为了展示自己的雅思写作水平，使用“难词”。可是，
英语水平真正好的考鸭，知道 demonstrate 和 show 的语义差异，所以决定不用。
5. quantity
替换词1） amount（+可数名词/不可数名词） 2） number（+可数名词）
注意：the amount of people （表达存在，但是）不适合雅思小作文；可以用the number of people
6. different
替换词 various
解释
1） various 更强调多样性，其实算不算 different 的替换词，但是放在文章里还可以。
2） distinct 不算错误，但是不合适。
这种替换词展示了考生非常想表现自己“背了很多单词”的意图，但是语义不合适。
因为 distinct 强调不同个体的差异性，而小作文不想强调它们的差异性（比如，这个考题只想强调不同方式的货运量的差异）。
3） 既然如此，不替换 different 也许才是最好的选择！
当你开始像以上这样纠结的时候，你才算开始学习写作了。
7. between ... and ...
常见错误
1） between 1974 to 2002 2） during 1974 to 2002 3） in 1974 to 2002 4） from 1974 and 2002
以上4种搭配都不存在，正确的表达可以是
1） from 1974 to 2002 2） during this period （只有前文中出现过1974和 2002，才能这样指代）
8. mode
替换词 1） manner 2） pattern 3） manner
特别告诉每一位考鸭，避免重复，是雅思写作要达到的一个高级目标。那么，自然有其他低级目标。大部分考鸭写作分数低的原因，也是考鸭优先要达成的写作目标是（这个低级目标，其实很难达到），导致考官看不懂，其中一个次要原因，是学生使用了错误的替换词。乱用单词进行替换，适得其反。
另外，想想雅思小作文这类文体，一般在什么场合会用到？一个研究人员经过一系列调查和统计，得到了图表，需要在论文中用几个段落描述自己整理出的图表。所以，雅思小作文属于科学类写作，不能使用日常写作中的大白话，甚至要使用一些专门的词汇和表达。这就解释了“这个词是对的，我知道你想说什么，但是不用于雅思小作文”。
求雅思小作文词汇
上升soar surge mushroom elevate climb bounce take off
下降
plump plunge slump sink dip
平稳
reach a plateau
remain stable/statics
stagnate/be stablized at a () level
程度大的
dramatic drastic
shape steep
to a remarkable extent
程度小的
marginal moderate mild slight
within a narrow range
以上都是比较高级的词汇，最基本的如rise fall应该熟练掌握，就不说了
雅思写作：表因果关系词汇总结
雅思大作文 中有一类题目是因果关系类，具体包括三小类：cause and effect、cause and solution、problem and solution。这三小类问题也可以穿起来，即针对某个topic的cause—effect(即problem)– solution。无论哪种题目，写明因果关系很重要。关于因果关系的表达同学们都很熟悉，无非是BS(because / so)，而且大家也一定很清楚的知道BS在英语中，用了前者就不能用后者的道理。例如：
Because further education has become more accessible for a wider range of people, an increasing number of people have degrees
Further education has become more accessible for a wider range of people, so an increasing number of people have degrees.
但是除了BS之外，还有很多其它表示因果关系的表达，具体如下：
Because系列(表原因)：
1. because of : because后接的是一个句子(主谓宾);because of 后一般直接跟名词。例如：
Because of the increasing number of machine—and as we noted before, machines magnify human effort—then anyone using a machine can
get a higher wage than anyone not using a machine.
2. as / since (除了“因为“外，还有”自从”的意思，使用时要注意避免歧义)
Hours spent on commuting, traffic jams, and fights for parking should diminish, since workers make fewer journeys or work staggered hours
Unfortunately, as the number of people living in the city increases, so do the different problems associated with population growth. (注意此句中的so不表示“所以”，而是“…也…”的意思)
3. thanks to (positive situations 通常适用于结果好的时候)
Thanks to new technology, it's easier than ever to work remotely.
due to (negative situations通常使用与结果不好的时候)
owing to / attributable to /on account of
Due to /… / On account of extreme weather conditions, damage to property occurs.
4. 当原因需要的表达较多时，我们还可以把以上表达改写为原因状语从句，使用thanks to the fact that /due to the fact that /owing to the fact that 或者on the grounds that ,,,
Will we live longer merely due to the fact that / on the grounds that technology, if implemented properly, will take stress away from our lives
5. caused by / result from 也表原因
Many car accidents were resulted from / caused by a lack of guardrails
So系列(表结果)：
1. thus/ therefore / thereby / hence
thus: 表示‘in this/that way’
As a country develops, its cities become the engines of development, thus jobs are available in these areas.
therefore: 表示 ‘for this reason’ /‘because of this or that’
Therefore, the influence of the peer group is important both for one’s own competence and for the relative evaluation of the process itself, given that one sees oneself in relation to others.
thereby: by that means, as a result of that
In some countries, reduced budgets have led to the elimination of busing systems, thereby increasing the use of cars and the congestion they create.
hence: 表示 ‘from this/that’
Drinking lots of water is healthy and reducing plastic waste is great for the environment. Hence, trendy reusable water bottles that you can refill yourself are health-promoting, eco-friendly, and green.
2. As a result / As a consequence
As a result, those people who were indoors had much lighter skin, which means that whiter skin is now associated with having a higher status than dark skin.
As a consequence, environmental health must address the societal and environmental factors that increase the likelihood of exposure and disease.
3. consequently /accordingly
Consequently 更偏重因果逻辑;accordingly 更偏重后续解决
Water pollution affects drinking water, rivers, lakes and oceans all over the world. This consequently harms human health and the natural environment.
Some of the laws were contradictory. Accordingly, measures were taken to clarify them.
Cause系列(表结果)：
1. cause (v.) 引起
The amount of garbage produced by the people also increases which causes sanitary landfills to fill up faster.
2. lead to/ result in 导致
注意这里是result in, 后跟结果，前面提到的result from后面跟的是原因。
The society’s attitude to food often leads to over-consumption.
3. bring about: to cause to take place 引起，带来(注意使用时更倾向于“带来“这个意思)
The internet technologies that have brought about so much social change were scarcely imaginable just decades before they appeared.
4.spark off 引发、引爆 ，具体指引发比较严重的后果、冲突等(=trigger / activate)，或指”点燃“(=inspire)
Spark off a series of problems / a chain of events related to…
They can spark off each other's talents
affect系列(影响到)
1. Affect/influence
More likely than not, getting a vehicle from point "A" to point "B" involves combustion of a fossil fuel, a process that emits gasses and affects the environment and the ozone layer.
People's behavior is influenced by circumstances and events, friends and family, education, job prospects, income, housing and environment.
2.impact on 对…产生影响(impact 一般做名词使用，也可以作为动词
Over the last few decades, there has been a tremendous growth in information technology, which can impact on our everyday life.
3. give rise to 使发生
The decrease inthe number of bicycles and cars might give rise to another new set of problems.
名词系列(因果)
1. cause (of sth.)/ reason 原因
Obesity can be divided into three main causes – diet, lifestyle and education.
Thousands of people migrate to the cities not only for jobs but also for educational and personal reasons.
2. result (for sth.)/ effect 结果
This is a difficult problem with many serious effects on the individual and country.
Another result is lack of self-esteem.
3. causality 因果关系(cause and effect) causation 原因
The correlation between population and housing price does not indicated causality, only the association. 这里的causality也可以换成：causal effect (因果效应)
Such a causality-driven, prevention-focused approach to homicide and other serious crime would revolutionize our conception of criminal justice, moving from the imposition of “just deserts” to the enlightened pursuit of a less violent society.
4. impact/influence 影响
This area is often overlooked but has a tremendous impact on your life
Friends have a big influence on the way that we use social media—from unwritten rules to buying decisions and so much more.
形容词系列(因果)表示因果的形容词不是很常用，使用时多和factor, element 结合
1. causal 原因的，因果的
Low income and elderly are among the potential causal factors of prevalence of obesity among adults
2.consequential 结果的，随之发生的
Measures other than ratings will prove more consequential
3.influential 影响的，有影响力的(大多数情况下使用第二个意思)
Family is the most influential factor on happiness.
雅思写作：表因果关系词汇总结的内容小编就说到这里了，更多关于雅思考试报名入口，报名时间，成绩查询，雅思报名费用，准考证打印入口及时间等问题，小编会及时更新。希望各位考生都能进入自己的理想院校。
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