雅思真题听力同义替换总结 雅思听力同义替换词汇

在浩如烟海的参考书和模拟题中，雅思听力常会有“同义转换”类题目，出现频率之高足以引起各阶段的烤鸭注意!究竟何为同义转换?哪些地方会出现同义转换?同义转换会以什么样的形式出现?很多烤鸭对此并未形成完整的概念。针对这一问题，本文将以剑桥真题为依据，帮助考生对“同义转换”有一个清晰的了解与把握，从而扫除该类题型在听力中给我们造成的障碍。
同义转换，科学的解释是指人的视觉和听觉将接收的信号传递给大脑，经过大脑处理，再转换与原信号意义相同的另类信号和指令。这一定义延展至听力，原信号即为题干；而转换后的另类信号就是录音中的关键词和答案。我们的任务，是将题干和录音的关键词及答案进行识别和匹配，类似听力搭配题(matching)。
“同义转换”最常出现在雅思听力的选择题中。这一特点在听力选项上尤为突出，无论是正确选项还是干扰项，都常常出现同义转换。
如《剑7》Test2 Section4中的Question32
题目
32 Anita feels that the findings on handedness will be of value in
A helping sportspeople identify their weaknesses
B aiding sportspeople as they plan tactics for each game
C developing suitable training programmes for sportspeople
原文
I think Matthew’s findings will be beneficial, not so much in helping sportspeople to work on their weaker side, but more that they can help them identify the most suitable strategies to use in a given game.
在听力原文中，题干里的be of value变成了be beneficial， tactics变成了strategies.
而正确答案B中的aid被替换成了help.同时，对于干扰项A中的weaknesses这个单词，答案中也出现了一些相关的可互相替换的信息，如weaker side，但A选项的整体意思和听力原文中的表述不符，这也就是A选项的干扰点所在。
如《剑7》Test2 Section4中的Question31
题目
31 Anita first felt the Matthews article was of value when she realized
A how it would help her difficulties with left-handedness
B the relevance of connections he made with music
C the impressive size of his research project
原文
What Anita soon became struck by was the sheer volume of both observation and investigation he had done in many different sports.
听力原文中，the impressive size被替换成了the sheer volume，而关键词research project也被替换成了observation and investigation.
如《剑6》Test2 Section2中的Question14
14 The price of a first class ticket includes………………….
听力原文中，price被替换成了cost，而主动语态includes也被替换成了被动语态are included.
由上述例子可以看出，无论是填空题还是选择题，都会或多或少地遇到同义转换。下面，同样以真题为例，详细讲解贯穿雅思听力各个题型中“同义转换”主要的表现形式。
1、语法角度
A、 词性的转换
词性的转换主要是几种常见和常用的词性之间的转换，如名词、动词、形容词和副词等。
如《剑7》Test2 Section3中的Question25
题目
25、According to Dr. Merrywhether, Antarctica is very cold because
A of the shape of the continent
B it is surrounded by a frozen sea
C it is an extremely dry continent
原文
Antarctica is a land mass shaped like a dome, with the result that the winds blow down the slopes at speeds of up to 150km an hour and that’s what makes it so cold.
原文中出现的是……is a land mass shaped like a dome.正确答案在选项中出现的是名词形式shape，而在原文中却以动词的形式shaped出现。所以同学们在准备雅思听力词汇的时候，一定要注意每个单词的各种词性都掌握到位。
B、 句式的转换
句式的转换主要指某些结构由于短语的替换导致句型结构前后顺序出现颠倒。如某些因果和果因的连接词。
题目
33 The pressure on the coastal zone resulted from
A The population shift
B the deteriorating environment
C the noisy traffic
原文
The population shift contributed a lot to the pressure on the coastal zone.
原文中，果因的连接词resulted from 转换成了因果连接词contributed a lot to。所以答案的位置发生了变化。
C、语态的转换
语态的转换也就是被动语态和主动语态的转换。这种同义转换的形式难度稍大，因为这需要学生对题干理解得较为透彻，一是题干中不能出现太多生词，二是要准确地预测答案的词性和词义，这样才能够比较准确地在原文中定位到答案。
如《剑4》Test1 Section2中的Question12
The metal industry was established at Riverside Village by ________ who lived in the area.
原文中变被动为主动：At that time, local craftsmen first built an iron forge just behind the village here, on the bend in the river.
这道题学生做得正确率普遍较低。原因一是原文中出现了语态的同义转换，答案在整句话的一开头就出现了，很多同学一下子还没有反应过来，答案就过去了。所以，尤其是当题干中出现被动语态的时候，一定要注意可能会出现语态的转换，并对答案的词性和词义进行准确地预测。这道题说难也并不难的原因就是通过题干我们可以比较容易地预测出答案应该是一类人，而录音中除了正确答案之外并没有其他表示一类人的词语出现，也就是没有干扰项。
2、语义角度
A、同义词的转换
这是最常见也是最简单的一种同义转换。如上文选择题中关键词的同义转换时提到的be of value被替换成了be beneficial，提到的tactics被替换成了strategies，这都是同义词的转换。这需要同学们在平时的单词学习时可以适当地利用归类记忆法，把能表示同类意思的单词放在一起记忆，这样对适应雅思听力中的同义转换有较大帮助。
B、解释型的同义转换
解释型的转换是指题干中出现一个较大的或者较抽象的概念，而听力原文中把这一概念具体化，用一个通俗易懂的例子来代替它。如上面讲语态时提到的例子里，题干中的metal industry在原文中被an iron forge取代。iron属于metal，是metal的一种。而forge在这里是铁匠铺的意思，是industry的具体化。
再如《剑4》Test2 Section1中的Question 3里，正确答案的选项an American man被替换成了a tourist from New York.这里用美国的一个城市纽约为例，代替了美国这个整体的概念。
还有在《剑8》Test42 Section4中的Question 35中也出现了一个难度较大的同义转换。
题目
35 Shona needs to do further research in order to
A present the government with her findings.
B decide the level of extra funding needed.
C identify the preferences of the public.
原文
I will need to do more far-reaching research than I had anticipated in order to establish if people want extra medical staff invested in the community, or if they want care to revert to fewer, but larger, key medical units.
题目中的正确选项是identify the preferences of the public. 而原文中并没有直接说，而是将其与一个公众具体的需求作对比：in order to establish if ……, or if…….这就对学生平时词汇量的积累和练习提出更高的要求和标准。
综上所述，同义转换在雅思听力中可以说是无处不在，无论是填空题还是选择题，同义转换都会对我们的理解和作答产生很大影响。这就需要我们对同义转换不仅有详尽的认知和了解，更要增加相关的练习。做题的时候要注意哪里出现了同义转换，是怎样进行转换的，不仅能扩充自己的词汇量，也有助于了解出题者的思路和常见的陷阱，做到“知己知彼，百战不殆”。

常见同义词替换：

1、培养：Develop, cultivate, foster

2、优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength

3、缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness

4、解决：Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle

5、损害：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize

6、给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford

7、使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle

8、重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative

9、认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced

10、保护：Protect, conserve, preserve

11、确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge

12、有害的：Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental

13、要求：Request, demand, needs, requisition

14、消除：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away

15、导致：Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate

16、因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this

17、增长至：Grow to, rise to, increase to, go up to, climb to, ascend to, jump to, shoot to

18、降低至：Dip to, fall to, decline to, decrease to, drop to, go down to, reduce to, slump to, descend to, sink to, slide to

19、保持稳定：Level out, do not change, remain stable, remain still, remain steady, be stable, maintain the same level, remain unchanged, be still, remain the same level, stay constant, keep at the same level, level off, stabilize, keep its stability, even out

20、急剧地：Dramatically, drastically, sharply, hugely, enormously, steeply, substantially, considerably, significantly, markedly, surprisingly, strikingly, radically, remarkably, vastly, noticeably

21、平稳地：Steadily, smoothly, slightly, slowly, marginally, gradually, moderately, mildly

22、发展：Development, advance, progress

23、有益的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding, advantageous

24、影响：Influence, impact, effect

25、对比而言：By contrast, in contrast, on the other hand, on the contrary, conversely

26、展示：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe

27、明显的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear

28、占：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose

29、与…相比：Compared with, compared to, in comparison with, in comparison to, by comparison with, by comparison to

30、大约：Approximately, almost, about, around, nearly, roughly

31、波动：Fluctuate, go ups and downs, display a fluctuation, demonstrate a fluctuation

32、事实上：Practically, in practice, essentially, in essence, in reality, in effect, in fact, as a matter of fact, it is a fact that

33、换言之：Namely, that is to say, in other words, to put it like this, to put it differently, to put it from another way, to put it from another angle

• 1、obtain/ acquire/ earn/ gain/ get/ procure
  2、promptly/ immediately/instantly
  3、most powerful/ the largest/ the biggest/the best
  4、sth that made him rich and famous/ sth bring him both fame and fortune
  5、enrol in a school/attend a school
  6、recognise one's ability/perceive one's talent
  7、now/ current/present/happening
  8、National policy/New Zealand strategy
  9、Suitable/appropriate
  10、Study/carry out research
  11、Cooling systems/ air-conditioning
  12、Prevent/keep from/inhibit/stop/thwart
  13、Fail to do/never/not/unable to do
  14、Fail to do/never/not/unable to do
  15、Be worked out/be calculated
  16、Witness/view/see/observe
  17、Achievement/success
  18、Rely on previous events/draw on past experience
  19、Receptive/receive/embrace/accept/agree
  20、Fear/phobia
  21、Scientific/science/technology/technological
  22、Understandable/understand/reasonable
  23、Still exist/be still with us
  24、Stop/halt/prevent/end
  25、Misrepresented/paint unreal pictures
  26、Grammatical rules/ rules of grammar
  27、Reliable/predictable
  28、Increase income/export earner
  29、In the vicinity of/around/nearby
  30、Result from/cause
  31、Comparatively/relatively
  32、Unnecessary/redundant/superfluous
  33、Initially/originally
  34、Be used to/by means of
  35、Signal strength/ strength of the signal
  36、Stock sth./ a stock of sth.
  37、Be exposed to/ by exposure to
  38、Be contingent on/ depend on
  39、Reveal/present/presentation
  40、Consumer/market force
  41、Current trend/majority of the public
  42、sceptic and advocate=different attitude
  43、alter=change=revise=make changes
  44、sceptic and advocate=different attitude
  45、environment=condition=situation
  46、trial=experiment=test
  47、pick out=identify=recognize=know=tell
  48、invention=device=creation=innovation
  49、farming=agriculture
  50、civil=municipal=metropolitan
  51、public event=communal activity
  52、aviation disaster=sky accident=air crash
  53、resemble=like=similar=alike=comparable
  54、weather=meteorological=climate=condition
  55、create=establish=invent=start up=open=set up
  56、improve=develop=evolve=catch up=pick up
  57、average-sized=medium-sized
  58、remain=stay=keep=continue to be=still
  59、documentation=written account=evidence=proof
  60、shift=switch=transfer=move=jerk
  61、drought=no rain at all=dry=dusty
  62、period=cycle=era=age
  63、pattern=trade / commodity=business
  64、unappreciated=undervalued
  65、study=research=analyse=do/conduct research
  66、smell=odour=scent
  67、define=distinguish=tell the difference
  68、to be defined=unanswered
  69、linguistic=language
  70、do not smell=odorless
  71、certain=some=a measure of
  72、building=property=construction
  73、financial support=fund=financial aid
  74、create=generate=form=produce
  75、beam=laser=ray=glow=glare
  76、aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=goal
  77、inherit=run in family=receive=get=be given
  78、lessen=minimize=subside=lighten=relieve
  79、inexorable=inevitable=unstoppable
  80、biological clock=internal clock
  81、principle=law=conscience=scruples
  82、optimal=better=best
  83、conserve=save / frugal=reserve=keep back
  84、building=property=construction
  85、stumbling block=difficulty=trouble
  86、direct=guide=lead=instruct
  87、life span=duration of life
  88、prolong=extend=drag out=spin out
  89、optimal=better=best
  90、conserve=reserve=keep back
  91、format=pattern
  92、less successful student=struggler
  93、spacious=largely=big=huge=vast
  94、effort=hard work=work at=push yourself
  95、correct answer=accuracy
  96、innate=built-in
  97、circumstance=system
  98、circumstance=system
  99、plague=infest=troublesome
  100、criterion=identification=standard=scale

可以根据自己的情况酌情准备就好，祝你考出好成绩

一般来说，雅思听力考试中的替换大致分为单词替换和解释性替换两种，而单词替换中又分为词性转换、同义词替换和上下义词替换。??
1?|?单词替换??词性转换，是指听力原文和题目中出现的词共用一个词根，只不过分别出现了这个词根的形容词、名词、动词或者副词。例如下面这个题目：??What?will?the?reviewer?concentrate?on?today???A.?theatre??B.?dance??C.?exhibitions??这道题目的听力原文为：For?today’s?report,?I?will?focus?on?some?of?the?theatrical?events…?说话人提到，今天的重点内容将会放在?theatrical?events?(剧场演出的事宜）上。这里就是将?A?选项中的?theater?换成了形容词放进了听力原文。??
同义词替换，是最为常见的替换形式了。顾名思义，就是指听力原文中出现的内容和题目中的内容互为同义词或者近义词（有时候也会出现反义词用以进行排除错误项）。例如：??Paxton?is?a?good?place?for?seeing?rare?____?all?year?around.??这道填空题对应的听力原文为：It’s?a?good?place?for?spotting?unusual?birds.?很明显可以看出来，原文中的?spotting?和?unusual?分别与题目中的?seeing?和?rare?对应，两组都是非常典型的同义词。??
上下义词替换，是指题干中出现一个较大的或者较抽象的概念，而说话者并没有直接说出这个词，而是将表述的概念更加具体化，说出了这个概念的下义词。当然，也有可能是题干中出现了下义词，而说话者提及的是上义词。例如：??The?manager?is?concerned?about?some?of?the?new?staff’s?____A.?jewelry.??B.?hair?styles.??C.?shoes.??这道题对应的听力原文内容为：Some?of?you’ll?need?to?remove?your?rings?and?bracelets...?这里就是用?rings?and?bracelets?来具体化了题干中所写的珠宝。??
2?|?解释性替换??解释性替换是指说话者将题目中的意思完全用另外一段话语来进行描述，你将无法直接找出题目和原文的对应替换内容。此类题目往往对于考生的阅读理解能力和听力理解能力要求都比较高。