雅思大作文解析社会类文章

社会类文章是雅思大作文的一项常见话题，原因在于它与我们的生活密切相关。对于烤鸭们而言，此类话题也是他们所熟悉的场景，所以如何把握好日常素材、深化写作内容，成了众多考生关注的热点之一。因此老师就以“人均寿命上升”这一作文话题为例，分析文章结构思路和用词。

题目：

Surveys show that in many countries, people are living longer.
What are the possible effects of the increasing life expectancy on individuals and society as a whole?

分析：

题目大意，调查显示，在很多人们越活越长，那么人均寿命上升对于个人和社会而言会带来什么可能的影响呢？客观地看，影响可以分为积的和消的，所以考生可以采用四段式的结构，以辩论型对称式展开全文。段说明背景信息，引出主题，表明写作目的。二段，阐述人均寿命上升所带来的积影响，一一列举，注意要采用适当的理由和例子进行解释论证。三段类似二段，阐述其消影响。后总结全文。

词汇积累：

life expectancy 人均寿命	population ageing 人口老龄化
the development of health care 医疗的发展	the state pension plan 政府养老金计划
improvements in the standard of living 生活水平的提高	create more job opportunities 造更多的就业机会
policy-makers 政策制定者	pensioner 取养老金的人
extend the retirement age 推迟退休年龄	chronic health problems 慢性的健康问题
an ageing population 老龄化的人口	medical examination 医疗体检

范文：

With the health care boom, the life expectancy has prolonged in many countries. Noticeably, the trend also brings about some adverse effects. This essay will examine the positive and negative sides of the issue so as to come to a conclusive standpoint.
段说明人均寿命延长，并且点明这篇文章的主要目的，“examine the positive and negative sides”。其中，“prolonged”、“as to come to a conclusive standpoint”等词很好，令人眼前一亮。
The rising life expectancy means that individuals are generally healthier and living longer. Also, as people are living longer, many children are not only cared for by their parents, but also looked after by their grandparents. This generally makes children more emotionally secure and better prepared for school.
二段说明人均寿命上升所带来的正面影响，说明人们越来越健康，孩子们能得到更好的照顾，尤其是心理上的，因为他们有父母和祖父母的陪伴。论证合情合理，用词恰当。
Although few of the pensioners will continue to generate profits for the society, the government has to earmark a sum of public funds for the pension plan. As a consequence, the increase of an aged population is accompanied with more pressures on the government’s fiscal budget, reducing the spending on other social programs. An ageing population is bound to occupy too many resources of health care. As is widely accepted, health care system leaves much to be desired in many parts of the world, which is reflected in its limitation. Many people of other age groups cannot possibly receive the medical service that they need due to population ageing.
这一段指出两点消影响。一是给政府造成养老负担，二是占用过多医疗资源。
Overall, although the increase in life expectancy means that individuals generally live longer and enjoy life more, it also causes population ageing. Policy-makers are obliged to be well prepared for the challenges that population ageing presents.
后总结全文，说明其有利有弊，那些政策制定者应该做好准备面临由人口老龄化带来的挑战。