雅思考试主要是通过对考生听、说、读、写四个方面英语能力的考核,综合测评考生的英语沟通运用能力,实现“沟通为本”的考试理念。对于雅思考生来说,也有很多考试难点和政策盲区需要帮助解答。今天雅思无忧网小编准备了文章同位语及其在雅思阅读中的应用(上),希望通过文章来解决雅思考生这方面的疑难问题,敬请关注。
一、同位语谓何物?
先不着急回答这个问题,让我们看几个简单的句子:
1- My best friend,
Tim
,
was an actor
2-The man over there,
a distinguished art critic
, will visit the
exhibition this evening.
3-Orenges, tomatoes
and lemons –
in other word all the fruit
rich in Vc can prevent you from
suffering colds.
4-The idea
that he should give up
occurred to him immediately.
你一定看到了每个句子都有一处划了线,这些划线的词、短语、句子分别充当其前名词的同位语,所以我从另一个角度可以这么说:每个句子中划线部分与其前的名词之间的关系为同位关系。如果充当同位语的是一个句子那么就叫同位语从句。
想必现在你对同位语已经有了一定了解,即对其前的名词或者代词进行解释说明的成分。如果你细心点的话一定发现除了四个句子其余三句同位语与前面的名词要么有逗号分开,要么有破折号分开,但不能以偏概全而得出结论:所有的同位语与前面的名词都有逗号或者破折号分隔。这是错误的,因为同位成分除了这种限制性的还有非限制性的比如:
--have you ever heard about the great musician Beethoven?
限制性同位语和它前面的同位成分关系紧密,形成一个整体。这种同位结构,在口语中两个同位成分之间没有停顿,在文字中不用逗号或破折号隔开。
关于同位语另一个值得注意的是 : 有时为了更清楚滴表示非限制性同位关系,我们会使用一些词语插入同位成分之间。常见的有以下几类 :
1. 表示等同关系的词语有 :
namely
,
that is
,
that
is to say
,
i.e.
,
in
other words
,
or
。例如:
An ophthalmologist, that is an eye doctor, can cure you of the illness.
The film is only open to adults, i.e. people over eighteen.
2. 表示举例或列举的词语有:
for example
,
for
instance
,
e.g.
,
such
as, say
,
including
。例如:
I like ancient cities, for example Rome and Athens.
AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one –
such as building muscle strength in golfers-to others, such as swimming and
squash. (
剑
6)
3. 表示突出某点的词语有:
especially , particularly , in particular , notably, chiefly , mainly ,
--I
fear living in high buildings, especially buildings over 30 storeys.
-Most students in our class, particularly Tim and John, are good at
drawing.
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